Análisis de las interacciones tróficas en microcosmos : estudio preliminar

Fil: Ruiz, Gonzalo. Instituto de Limnología Dr. R. Ringuelet, (ILPLA), CONICET-UNLP. Florencio Varela, ArgentinaFil: Ardohain, Diego. Instituto de Limnología Dr. R. Ringuelet, (ILPLA), CONICET-UNLP. Florencio Varela, ArgentinaFil: Solari, Lía Cristina. Instituto de Limnología Dr. R. Ringuelet, (ILPLA), CONICET-UNLP. Florencio Varela, ArgentinaFil: Gabellone, Néstor A.. Instituto de Limnología Dr. R. Ringuelet, (ILPLA), CONICET-UNLP. Florencio Varela, Argentin

Ensayos sobre nuevas metodologías para la limpieza y consolidación de documento gráfico

Podeu consultar el document complet del congrès a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/58643Desde el año 2012, en el grupo Conservació-Restauració del Patrimoni de la Facultat de Belles Arts, Universitat de Barcelona (Grup de Recerca Consolidat 2014- 16 SGR 459G reconocido por la Generalitat de Catalunya), se está desa rrollando un proyecto de investigación sobre el uso de nuevos procedimientos de limpieza mecánica y consolidación de documento gráfico mediante fibras de celulosa. La limpieza mecánica más extendida en documento gráfico se realiza con gomas. El procedimiento, a pesar de habitual, comporta riesgos potenciales para el soporte y para los elementos sustentados al basarse en mecanismos de fricción y/o abrasión que pueden ultrapasar la suciedad. Así, modificación de textura y/o brillo (Pearlstein et al., 1982; Sterlini, 1995), cambios en las propiedades físicas (James & Cohn, 1997; Mclnnis, 1980) y alteraciones químicas y/o mecánicas a largo plazo (DaudinSchotte et al., 2010; Moffatt & Laver, 1981; Moy, 2007; Silverman & Irwin, 2009) son los riesgos habitualmente referidos en la literatura. Para minimizar estos inconvenientes y como posible alternativa, se está eva luando la limpieza con microproyección de fibras de celulosa como alternativa a las gomas. Una de las principales ventajas principales de este procedimiento radica en el hecho de que el agente de limpieza es altamente compatible con la obra ya que tiene una composición muy similar. Por lo tanto, su empleo podría reducir la posibilidad de afectar negativamente la estabilidad química de la pieza a corto o largo plazo. Hasta el momento se han realizado ensayos comparativos entre gomas y microproyección para la limpieza de grabados calcográficos con resultados satisfactorios en eficacia y preservación de la obra a corto y medio plazo (Iglesias-Campos et al., 2014a; Iglesias-Campos & Ruiz-Recasens, 2014 en prensa; Iglesias-Campos, et al., 2014 en prensa). Paralelamente se realizan ensayos de envejecimiento artificial con los que comparar los posibles efectos en el tiempo entre ambas técnicas

Resilience dynamics and productivity-driven shifts in the marine communities of the Western Mediterranean Sea

Ecological resilience has become a conceptual cornerstone bridging ecological processes to conservation needs. Global change is increasingly associated with local changes in environmental conditions that can cause abrupt ecosystem reorganizations attending to system-specific resilience fluctuations with time (i.e. resilience dynamics). Here we assess resilience dynamics associated with climate-driven ecosystems transitions, expressed as changes in the relevant contribution of species with different life-history strategies, in two benthopelagic systems. We analysed data from 1994 to 2019 coming from a scientific bottom trawl survey in two environmentally contrasting ecosystems in the Western Mediterranean Sea—Northern Spain and Alboran Sea. Benthopelagic species were categorized according to their life-history strategies (opportunistic, periodic and equilibrium), ecosystem functions and habitats. We implemented an Integrated Resilience Assessment (IRA) to elucidate the response mechanism of the studied ecosystems to several candidate environmental stressors and quantify the ecosystems’ resilience. We demonstrate that both ecosystems responded discontinuously to changes in chlorophyll-a concentration more than any other stressor. The response in Northern Spain indicated a more overarching regime shift than in the Alboran Sea. Opportunistic fish were unfavoured in both ecosystems in the recent periods, while invertebrate species of short life cycle were generally favoured, particularly benthic species in the Alboran Sea. The study illustrates that the resilience dynamics of the two ecosystems were mostly associated with fluctuating productivity, but subtle and long-term effects from sea warming and fishing reduction were also discernible. Such dynamics are typical of systems with wide environmental gradient such as the Northern Spain, as well as systems with highly hydrodynamic and of biogeographical complexity such as the Alboran Sea. We stress that management should become more adaptive by utilizing the knowledge on the systems’ productivity thresholds and underlying shifts to help anticipate both short-term/less predictable events and long-term/expected effects of climate change.En prensa2,27

Social participation and quality of health care: the experience of citizens' health representatives in Mexico

OBJETIVO: Analizar la experiencia del aval ciudadano en el sistema de salud mexicano en la mejora de los servicios de salud. METODOS: Estudio de corte cualitativo en ocho estados de México en 2008. Se evaluaron diferentes aspectos del programa nacional para mejorar la calidad de los servicios de salud. Se compara la estrategia de México con otras experiencias en América Latina. RESULTADOS: Se exponen los avances y problemas del funcionamiento del aval ciudadano, figura que promueve la participación social en salud de la población. CONCLUSIONES: El aval ciudadano es una figura con gran potencial para representar a los usuarios en los servicios de salud y transmitir sus demandas de mejora de la calidad de la atención médica.OBJETIVO: Analisar a experiência do aval ciudadano (reforço cidadão) no sistema de saúde mexicano na melhora dos serviços de saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte qualitativo em oito estados mexicanos, em 2008. Foram avaliados diferentes aspectos do programa nacional para melhora de qualidade nos serviços de saúde. Compara-se a estratégia no México com outras experiências na América Latina. RESULTADOS: Foram expostos os avanços e problemas de funcionamento do aval ciudadano (reforço cidadão), figura que promove a participação social na saúde da população. CONCLUSÕES: O aval ciudadano (reforço cidadão) é uma figura com grande potencial para representar os usuários dos serviços de saúde e transmitir suas exigências de melhorias na qualidade da atenção médica.OBJECTIVE: This article describes the experience of the aval ciudadano "Citizens' Representative" (CR) in improving the Mexican health care system. METHODS: This is a qualitative study which took place in eight Mexican states in 2008. It evaluates different aspects of a nationwide program to increase the quality of health care services (National Crusade for Quality in Health Services). The Mexican strategy is compared with experiences in other Latin American countries. RESULTS: In this paper, there is the description of achievements and problems encountered by the CR in promoting social participation in the health of the population. CONCLUSIONS: The CR has great influence when representing health service users and passing on their demands for improvements to health care quality

Corrosion performance of alloy 800H and alloy 625 for potential use as molten salts solar receiver materials in concentrating solar power tower plants

Two high corrosion resistant super-alloys, alloy 800H and alloy 625, were evaluated for corrosion compatibility with molten nitrate salts at 565 °C under air atmosphere since these super-alloys are possible candidates for the manufacturing of molten salts solar receivers in the CSP tower technology. Both alloys are tested in two different molten nitrate salts grades to identify how the impurities of the final mixture affect to corrosion damage. Accordingly, a technical grade molten nitrate salt (Solar_Salt_T) and refined molten nitrate salt (Solar_Salt_R) are selected as test media. In addition to corrosion rates calculation, techniques such as XRD, EDS, optical and scanning electron microscopy are used to identify the corrosion morphology and oxides layers chemistry. Alloy 800H and alloy 625 show uniform corrosion after testing without detecting localized phenomena such as pitting, stress corrosion cracking, crevice, or intergranular corrosion. While alloy 800H develops a duplex oxide layer consisting of iron oxides in its external part, and chromium oxide in its innermost layer, alloy 625 generates a compact and highly adherent oxide layer consisting mainly of nickel oxide. Corrosion rates decrease with time, being higher for alloys exposed to Solar_Salt_T mixtures. Moreover, alloy 625 shows lower corrosion rates than alloy 800H in all conditions tested in this study.The research leading to these results has received funding from CENIT ConSOLida. This work was partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de España (RTI2018-093849-B-C31 - MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE and RTI2018-093849-B-C32 - MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) and by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades - Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) (RED2018-102431-T). The authors from University of Lleida and University of Barcelona would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group GREiA (2017 SGR 1537) and research group DIOPMA (2017 SGR 138). GREiA and DIOPMA are certified agents TECNIO in the category of technology developers from the Government of Catalonia. This work is partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme

Remote sensing for the Spanish forests in the 21st century: a review of advances, needs, and opportunities

[EN] Forest ecosystems provide a host of services and societal benefits, including carbon storage, habitat for fauna, recreation, and provision of wood or non-wood products. In a context of complex demands on forest resources, identifying priorities for biodiversity and carbon budgets require accurate tools with sufficient temporal frequency. Moreover, understanding long term forest dynamics is necessary for sustainable planning and management. Remote sensing (RS) is a powerful means for analysis, synthesis, and report, providing insights and contributing to inform decisions upon forest ecosystems. In this communication we review current applications of RS techniques in Spanish forests, examining possible trends, needs, and opportunities offered by RS in a forestry context. Currently, wall-to-wall optical and LiDAR data are extensively used for a wide range of applications-many times in combination-whilst radar or hyperspectral data are rarely used in the analysis of Spanish forests. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) carrying visible and infrared sensors are gaining ground in acquisition of data locally and at small scale, particularly for health assessments. Forest fire identification and characterization are prevalent applications at the landscape scale, whereas structural assessments are the most widespread analyses carried out at limited extents. Unparalleled opportunities are offered by the availability of diverse RS data like those provided by the European Copernicus programme and recent satellite LiDAR launches, processing capacity, and synergies with other ancillary sources to produce information of our forests. Overall, we live in times of unprecedented opportunities for monitoring forest ecosystems with a growing support from RS technologies.Part of this work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, innovation and University through the project AGL2016-76769-C2-1-R "Influence of natural disturbance regimes and management on forests dynamics. structure and carbon balance (FORESTCHANGE)".Gómez, C.; Alejandro, P.; Hermosilla, T.; Montes, F.; Pascual, C.; Ruiz Fernández, LÁ.; Álvarez-Taboada, F.... (2019). Remote sensing for the Spanish forests in the 21st century: a review of advances, needs, and opportunities. Forest Systems. 28(1):1-33. https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2019281-14221S133281Ungar S, Pearlman J, Mendenhall J, Reuter D, 2003. Overview of the Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) mission. IEEE T Geosci Remote 41: 1149−1159.Valbuena R, Mauro F, Arjonilla FJ, Manzanera JA, 2011. Comparing Airborne Laser Scanning-Imagery Fusion Methods Based on Geometric Accuracy in Forested Areas. Remote Sens Environ 115(8): 1942-1956.Valbuena R, Mauro F, Rodríguez-Solano R, Manzanera JA, 2012. Partial Least Squares for Discriminating Variance Components in GNSS Accuracy Obtained Under Scots Pine Canopies. Forest Sci 58(2): 139-153.Valbuena R, De Blas A, Martín Fernández S, Maltamo M, Nabuurs GJ, Manzanera JA, 2013a. Within-Species Benefits of Back-projecting Laser Scanner and Multispectral Sensors in Monospecific P. sylvestris Forests. Eur J Remote Sens 46: 401-416.Valbuena R, Maltamo M, Martín-Fernández S, Packalen P, Pascual C, Nabuurs G-J, 2013b. Patterns of covariance between airborne laser scanning metrics and Lorenz curve descriptors of tree size inequality. Can J Remote Sens 39(1): 18-31.Valbuena R, Packalen P, García-Abril A, Mehtätalo L, Maltamo M, 2013c. Characterizing Forest Structural Types and Shelterwood Dynamics from Lorenz-based Indicators Predicted by Airborne Laser Scanning. Can J For Res 43: 1063-1074.Valbuena R, Maltamo M, Packalen P, 2016a. Classification of Multi-Layered Forest Development Classes from Low-Density National Airborne LiDAR Datasets. Forestry 89: 392-341.Valbuena R, Maltamo M, Packalen P, 2016b. Classification of Forest Development Stages from National Low-Density LiDAR Datasets: a Comparison of Machine Learning Methods. Revista de Teledetección 45: 15-25.Valbuena R, Hernando A, Manzanera JA, Martínez-Falero E, García-Abril A, Mola-Yudego B, 2017a. Most Similar Neighbour Imputation of Forest Attributes Using Metrics Derived from Combined Airborne LIDAR and Multispectral Sensors. Int J Digit Earth 11 (12): 1205-1218.Valbuena R, Hernando A, Manzanera JA, Görgens EB, Almeida DRA, Mauro F, García-Abril A, Coomes DA, 2017b. Enhancing of accuracy assessment for forest above-ground biomass estimates obtained from remote sensing via hypothesis testing and overfitting evaluation. Eco Mod 622: 15-26.Valbuena-Rabadán M, Santamaría-Pe-a J, Sanz-Adán F, 2016. Estimation of diameter and height of individual trees for Pinus sylvestris L. based on the individualising of crowns using airborne LiDAR and the National Forest Inventory data. For Sys 25(1): e046Varo-Martínez MA, Navarro-Cerrillo RM, Hernández-Clemente R, Duque-Lazo J, 2017. Semi-automated stand delineation in Mediterranean Pinus sylvestris plantations through segmentation of LiDAR data: The influence of pulse density. Int J Appl Earth Obs 56: 54-64.Vázquez de la Cueva A, 2008. Structural attributes of three forest types in central Spain and Landsat ETM+ information evaluated with redundancy analysis. Int J Remote Sens 29: 5657-5676.Verdú F, Salas J, 2010. Cartografía de áreas quemadas mediante análisis visual de imágenes de satélite en la Espa-a peninsular para el periodo 1991–2005. Geofocus 10: 54–81.Viana-Soto A, Aguado I, Martínez S, 2017. Assessment of post-fire vegetation recovery using fire severity and geographical data in the Mediterranean region (Spain). Environments 4: 90.Vicente-Serrano SG, Pérez-Cabello F, Lasanta T, 2011. Pinus halepensis regeneration after a wildfire in a semiarid environment: assessment using multitemporal Landsat images. Int J Wildland Fire 20Ñ 195-208.Viedma O, Quesada J, Torres I, De Santis A, Moreno JM, 2015. Fire severity in a large fire in a Pinus pinaster forest is highly predictable from burning conditions, stand structure, and topography. Ecosystems 18: 237-250.Yebra M, Chuvieco E, 2009. Generation of a species-specific look-up table for fuel moisture content assessment. IEEE J Selected topics in applied earth observation and RS 2 (1): 21-26.White JC, Wulder MA, Varhola A, Vastaranta M, Coops NC, Cook BD, Pitt D, Woods M, 2013. A best practices guide for generating forest inventory attributes from airborne laser scanning data using an area-based approach. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Victoria, BC. Information Report FI-X-010, 39 pp.White JC, Wulder MA, Hobart GW, Luther JE, Hermosilla T, Griffiths P, Coops NC, Hall RJ, Hostert P, Dyk A, Guindon L, 2014. Pixel-based image compositing for large-area dense time series applications and science. Can J Remote Sens 40 (3): 192-212.White JC, Coops NC, Wulder MA, Vastaranta M, Hilker T, Tompalski P, 2016. Remote sensing technologies for enhancing forest inventories: a review. Can J Remote Sens 42: 619-641.White JC, Wulder MA, Hermosilla T, Coops NC, Hobart GW, 2017. A nationwide characterization of 25 years of forest disturbance and recovery for Canada using Landsat time series. Remote Sens Environ 194: 303-321.Wulder MA, 1998. Optical remote-sensing techniques for the assessment of forest inventory and biophysical parameters. Progr Phys Geog 22 (4): 449-476.Wulder MA, Dymond CC, 2004. Remote sensing in survey of Mountain Pine impacts: review and recommendations. MPBI Report. Canadian Forest Service. 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Integrating Landsat pixel composites and change metrics with LiDAR plots to predictively map forest structure and aboveground biomass in Saskatchewan, Canada. Remote Sens Environ 176: 188-201.Zarco-Tejada PJ, Diaz-Varela R, Angileri V, Loudjani P, 2014. Tree height quantification using very high resolution imagery acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and automatic 3D photo-reconstruction methods. Eur J Agron 55: 89-99.Zarco-Tejada PJ, Hornero A, Hernández-Clemente R, Beck PSA, 2018. Understanding the temporal dimension of the red-edge spectral region for forest decline detection using high-resolution hyperspectral and Sentinel-2A imagery. ISPRS J Photogramm 137: 134-148

La Innovación Educativa en Contextos Críticos y su Contribución al Desarrollo Comunitario

Este proyecto parte del supuesto de que las instituciones educativas tienen un papel determinante en la articulación y en el desarrollo de una comunidad social y que la comunidad puede contribuir igualmente al desarrollo y la mejora de los centros de enseñanza. Su propósito principal es facilitar la apropiación o recuperación por parte de comunidades sociales afectadas por condiciones socioeconómicas críticas, de sus instituciones educativas como recurso y motor básico del desarrollo. Para ello se plantea estudiar los vínculos que los centros educativos mantienen con la comunidad y fundamentar estrategias de innovación educativa que contribuyan al desarrollo de estos vínculos Dos hipótesis generales constituyen el punto de partida: (1) El desarrollo de la escuela y la mejora de la calidad de la educación se proyectan y al mismo tiempo se ven influidos por el desarrollo comunitario y que tanto el desarrollo de la escuela como el de la comunidad pueden potenciarse mediante estrategias que permitan coordinar los esfuerzos en ambos sentidos; y (2) El asesoramiento externo a los procesos de mejora y de innovación en la educación podrá contribuir a su éxito si consiguen movilizar los recursos internos de las instituciones educativas

Cannabidiol reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular changes and inflammation in the mouse brain: an intravital microscopy study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) exhibits antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. The present study was designed to explore its effects in a mouse model of sepsis-related encephalitis by intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Vascular responses of pial vessels were analyzed by intravital microscopy and inflammatory parameters measured by qRT-PCR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>CBD prevented LPS-induced arteriolar and venular vasodilation as well as leukocyte margination. In addition, CBD abolished LPS-induced increases in tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cyclooxygenase-2 expression as measured by quantitative real time PCR. The expression of the inducible-nitric oxide synthase was also reduced by CBD. Finally, preservation of Blood Brain Barrier integrity was also associated to the treatment with CBD.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These data highlight the antiinflammatory and vascular-stabilizing effects of CBD in endotoxic shock and suggest a possible beneficial effect of this natural cannabinoid.</p

Efecto de la posición de los frutos en el estrobilo y tamaño de los mismos, sobre el porcentaje de germinación en alnus acuminata h.b.k. (betulaceae)

Se ha observado en algunas especies que el tamaño de las semillas puede determinar el mayor o menor porcentaje de germinación de las mismas, especialmente si se trata de especies forestales.En este trabajo se evaluaron nueve tratamientos con el fin de verificar el efecto de la posición de los frutos (semillas) en los estróbilos (basal, media y apical) y el tamaño de los estróbilos de Alnus acuminaia (pequeño, mediano, grande) sobre el porcentaje de germinación, en diferentes  intervalos de tiempo (0, 10 y 20 días de almacenamiento). Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con los tratamientos mediano-basal (primera y tercera siembras) y mediano-media (segunda siembra). Las semillas almacenadas por espacio de 10 y 20 días mostraron un incremento en el porcentaje de emergencia

The Carbonation of Wollastonite: A Model Reaction to Test Natural and Biomimetic Catalysts for Enhanced CO2 Sequestration

One of the most promising strategies for the safe and permanent disposal of anthropogenic CO2 is its conversion into carbonate minerals via the carbonation of calcium and magnesium silicates. However, the mechanism of such a reaction is not well constrained, and its slow kinetics is a handicap for the implementation of silicate mineral carbonation as an effective method for CO2 capture and storage (CCS). Here, we studied the different steps of wollastonite (CaSiO3) carbonation (silicate dissolution -> carbonate precipitation) as a model CCS system for the screening of natural and biomimetic catalysts for this reaction. Tested catalysts included carbonic anhydrase (CA), a natural enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO2(aq), and biomimetic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Our results show that dissolution is the rate-limiting step for wollastonite carbonation. The overall reaction progresses anisotropically along different [hkl] directions via a pseudomorphic interface-coupled dissolution–precipitation mechanism, leading to partial passivation via secondary surface precipitation of amorphous silica and calcite, which in both cases is anisotropic (i.e., (hkl)-specific). CA accelerates the final carbonate precipitation step but hinders the overall carbonation of wollastonite. Remarkably, one of the tested Zr-based MOFs accelerates the dissolution of the silicate. The use of MOFs for enhanced silicate dissolution alone or in combination with other natural or biomimetic catalysts for accelerated carbonation could represent a potentially effective strategy for enhanced mineral CCS.This research was funded by the Spanish Government (grants CGL2015-70642-R, CGL2015-73103-EXP, CTQ2017-84692-R), EU FEDER funding, the University of Granada (“Unidad Científica de Excelencia” UCE-PP2016-05) and the Junta de Andalucía (grant P11-RNM-7550 and Research Group RNM-179). We thank the personnel of the Centro de Instrumentación Científica (CIC) of the University of Granada for their help during TG-DSC, FESEM, -XRD, and ICP-OES analyses